The Critical Role of Microgrids in Transition to a Smarter Grid: A Technical Review

Recent economic incentives have resulted in the proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs). Microgrids are a promising solution to the problem of large-scale EV integration into the electric power system. Furthermore, advances in energy storage technologies have rendered grid energy storage economically viable. In this paper, we review the literature on microgrids, focusing on their role in the integration of EVs, and energy storage into the electricity grid. Commercial ventures in the development of Energy Management Systems are also reviewed. As microgrids become more prevalent, scenarios where multiple microgrids operate in a coordinated fashion may arise. We also review the literature on operation and control of multiple microgrids.