Statistical uncertainty in the radiation diagnosis of two-phase flows

Void fraction measurements, based on radiation transmission measurements of two-phase flow, are known to possess complex and significant error properties attributable to the details of void dynamics and radiation source fluctuations. A physically plausible and mathematically comprehensive formulation is here undertaken in order to resolve these interactive effects. Specific error bounds associated with particular experimental details are derived and tested analytically. Compact and useful criteria for error minimization are presented.