Effect of anion adsorption on early stages of copper electrocrystallization at Au(111) surface

The monolayer and submonolayer deposition of copper on Au(111) electrode surface in the presence of chloride and sulfate ions was studied by in situ X-ray absorption and electrochemical techniques. The anions coadsorb with the deposited copper adatoms and have a strong influence on the structure of these mixed overlayers. Copper deposited in the presence of chloride forms a bilayer in which copper atoms are sandwiched between the gold substrate …