Ineffectiveness of cognitive forcing strategies to reduce biases in diagnostic reasoning: a controlled trial

OBJECTIVES: Cognitive forcing strategies (CFS) may reduce error arising from cognitive biases. This is the first experimental test to determine the effect of CFS training in medical students. METHODS: Students were allocated to CFS training or control during a 4-week emergency medicine rotation (n  =  191). At the end of the rotation examination, students were tested using computer-based cases. Application of CFS could enable reduction of …