A Space-Mapping Design Framework

We present a comprehensive microwave design framework for implementing the original, aggressive, implicit, and response residual space-mapping (SM) approaches through widely available software. General steps and tools for possible SM implementations are elaborated. Our presentation is a reference guide for microwave designers using the SM technique. An instructive “multiple cheese-cutting” example demonstrates the SM approach to engineering design and some possible pitfalls. For the first time, an ADS framework implements the SM steps interactively. A three-section transformer example illustrates the approach, step by step. A six-section $H$-plane waveguide filter design emerges after four iterations, using the implicit SM and the response-residual space-mapping (RRSM) optimization entirely within the design framework. An RRSM surrogate is developed to match the fine (HFSS) model. We use sparse frequency sweeps and do not require Jacobians of the fine model.