Efficient time-domain sensitivity analysis using coarse grids

We propose an efficient coarse-grid approach to the sensitivity analysis with full-wave electromagnetic (EM) time-domain simulations. In order to compute the response sensitivity using an adjoint approach, waveforms at all perturbation grid points need to be saved and post-processed. Therefore, the memory requirements of the response sensitivity analysis may become excessive for electrically large objects or problems with a large number of …