How we diagnose and treat thrombotic manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome: a case-based review

Antiphospholipid antibodies including anticardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulants, and anti-beta(2) glycoprotein-1-specific antibodies may identify patients at elevated risk of first or recurrent venous or arterial thromboembolism. Traditionally, published case series supplemented by anecdotal experience have formed the basis of management of patients with these autoantibodies. Over the past several years, studies have described the …