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Journal article

Migration decision making and barriers among LGBTQA adults in Hamilton, Ontario

Abstract

Abstract At a time of unprecedented political hypervisibility and discrimination, the mobility of 2SLGBTQIA+ individuals subnationally has become a heightened concern. This paper aims to address three questions: What decisions do LGBTQA migrants make when deciding on whether and where to move? What barriers do they face when moving to or settling into a new city? And how do they reflect on their new environments in relation to previous environments? Interviews were conducted with 14 self‐identified LGBTQA adults who had all moved to Hamilton, Ontario between 2016 and 2022. Drawing on existing migration literature on causes of and barriers to migration, thematic analysis was carried out across the 14 cases to distill common decision‐making themes. These themes include housing and transportation, employment and education, and social and cultural factors like proximity to queer communities and nature. The most difficult barriers to migrating and settling in were housing accessibility and social isolation. Our research contributes to the subnational migration literature on gender and sexual minorities within Canada, especially in that it highlights the interplay between socio‐economic determinants of migration and gender/sexual marginalization, and it should be regarded as an exploratory step in further research on this subject. Résumé À une époque marquée par une hypervisibilité et une discrimination accrue, la mobilité des personnes 2SLGBTQIA+ à l'échelle infranationale est une préoccupation significative. Cet article vise à répondre à trois questions: quels éléments les migrants LGBTQA prennent‐ils en considération lorsqu'ils décident de déménager? Quels obstacles rencontrent‐ils lorsqu'ils s'installent dans une nouvelle ville? Comment perçoivent‐ils leur nouvel environnement par rapport à leur milieu précédent? Des entrevues ont été menées auprès de 14 adultes s'identifiant à la mouvance LGBTQA ayant déménagé à Hamilton, en Ontario, entre 2016 et 2022. En s'appuyant sur la littérature scientifique, une analyse thématique a été effectuée afin de distinguer les thèmes communs liés à la prise de décision. Ces thèmes comprennent le logement et le transport, l'emploi et l'éducation, ainsi que des facteurs socioculturels tels que la proximité des communautés queer et de la nature. Selon nos résultats, les obstacles les plus difficiles à surmonter sont l'accessibilité au logement et l'isolement social. De manière générale, notre recherche contribue aux connaissances sur la migration des minorités sexuelles et de genre au Canada, notamment en mettant en évidence l'interaction entre les déterminants socioéconomiques de la migration et la marginalisation sexuelle et de genre. Key messages Migration at the regional level poses unique socio‐economic challenges for LGBTQA adults due to the importance of community for newcomers. Housing accessibility and social isolation are among the most difficult barriers to navigate for newcomers to Hamilton, both of which are compounded for LGBTQA individuals due to discrimination. Research on the mobility and migration decisions of LGBTQA populations is paramount in the current political climate of hypervisibility and legislative targeting of gender and sexual minorities.

Authors

Towle C; Newbold KB; Williams A; Wilton R

Journal

Canadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennes, Vol. 70, No. 1,

Publisher

Wiley

Publication Date

January 1, 2026

DOI

10.1111/cag.70052

ISSN

0008-3658
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