Innovative Co-doped MXene and aerogel catalysts for rapid and efficient degradation of carbamazepine via PMS activation

Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are commonly detected, posing potential risks to human health and aquatic ecosystems. In this study, robust and effective catalysts, specifically Co-doped MXene and recoverable aerogel with the load of Co-doped MXene (CoMX/Aerogel), were successfully developed to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the efficient degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ). The as-synthesized Co-doped MXene can completely remove CBZ within 20 min. 1O2 has been identified as the primary ROS in the Co-doped catalyst/PMS system, and MXene can enhance electron transfer during PMS activation. The non-double-free radical pathway offers enhanced anti-interference capabilities. Moreover, cobalt atoms are linked to three oxygen atoms with bond distances of 2.12–2.13 Å. The CoMX/Aerogel exhibited a lamellar structure with interconnected pores and vertically aligned channels. It achieved complete CBZ removal within 20 min and displayed excellent recyclability, maintaining approximately 95 % degradation efficiency over multiple cycles. It demonstrates significant potential for practical applications. Overall, this work advances a highly desirable technology for the effective activation of PMS and the recyclable removal of emerging pollutants from wastewater.