Verilog-A Based Random Telegraph Signal Noise Modeling of Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes

This paper introduces a Verilog-A model for simulating random telegraph signal (RTS) noise in single-photon avalanche diodes, which replicates both transient waveforms and statistical characteristics of RTS noise. Validated in Cadence Spectre against experimental data, the simulations demonstrate good agreement with measured RTS noise.