A New Biotechnology Era: Computer Science Enabled Solutions to Environmental Challenges in Agriculture

Biotechnology dates back millennia, yet the convergence of computer science with life science innovation is catalyzing a step change in how environmental challenges are tackled across global agriculture. This paper surveys the digital biotechnology synergies that address water scarcity, nutrient loss, greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity decline - from AI guided CRISPR trait design to blockchain anchored sustainability metrics. We present recent advances in synthetic biology, digital twins, and 5 G-enabled edge analytics that collectively enhance productivity and environmental stewardship.