Topology optimization for minimizing the mean compliance under thermo-mechanical loads using element-free Galerkin method

This paper presents a numerical model for addressing thermo-mechanical coupling problems in topology optimization, utilizing the element-free Galerkin (EFG) method. A multi-parameter density-based topology optimization framework is introduced to interpolate the thermal stress coefficient, encompassing thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient, and elastic modulus. Two numerical examples are provided to investigate the model's characteristics and associated considerations, including the impact of EFG node distribution, quantity, calculation points layout, design variables, and filtering techniques on optimized results. Numerical findings indicates that the present model allows for adaptable adjustments in nodes number and distribution, calculation points layout, choice of design variables, and application of various filtering techniques while maintaining consistent background grids. Although these adjustments may affect convergence rates and final objective values, they can promise satisfactory optimization structures. Additionally, the study highlights the critical influence of filtering radius on optimization outcomes and the objective value, recommending a value of approximately 16∼20 calculation points.