Solitary wave pulses in optical fibers with normal dispersion and higher-order effects

Various types of solitary wave pulses are obtained theoretically based on the analytic solutions for the higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Different from the previous results, the bright solitons are observed in the normal group-velocity dispersion regime. Depending on the parameters’ values, the properties of both bright and dark solitons are analyzed. Furthermore, the soliton types are found to be interchangeable after the collision, and the transfer mode of the solitons can be controlled under certain conditions. This might be of potential applications in the design of optical switch, pulse signal converters, and optical communication systems.