Derivation and Initial Validation of the Utility Function for the Hearing Utility Measure (HUM)

OBJECTIVE: The Hearing Utility Measure (HUM) is a replacement hearing attribute for the Health Utilities Index, Mark 3 (HUI-3) designed to improve the responsiveness of utility estimates to changes in hearing-related quality of life. The final development step is to derive the instrument's utility scoring function. METHODS: Residents of Ontario, Canada, aged ≥18 years participated in standard gamble and visual analogue scale exercises. Valuations for levels (response options) within each domain, and for each domain relative to the other domains were elicited and used to generate a hearing utility function. The function outputs hearing utility ranging from 0 = 'unable to hear at all' to 1 = 'perfect hearing' for each of the 25,920 hearing states classifiable by the HUM. Performance was assessed relative to the criterion standard: directly elicited standard gamble utility. Distributions of HUM-derived hearing utility were compared with legacy HUI-3 derived estimates. RESULTS: A total of 126 respondents participated (mean age 39.2, range 18-85 years, 53% female [67/126]). The utility function performed well in the estimation of directly elicited utilities (mean difference 0.03, RMSE 0.06). Using the legacy HUI-3, estimated hearing utility was 1.0 for 118/126 respondents (93.6%) compared with just 66/126 (52.4%) using the HUM. CONCLUSION: The new hearing attribute is capable of measuring variations in hearing utility not captured by the legacy HUI-3, especially near the ceiling of hearing function. These findings justify its application and further work to study its measurement properties in hearing loss populations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 Laryngoscope, 134:4754-4762, 2024.