A prospective evaluation of tibial insertion sites for intraosseous needles to gain vascular access in Asian neonates

ObjectivesTo determine the appropriate intraosseous (IO) needle insertion site, optimal depth and success using a drill-assisted device (DAD) versus a manually inserted needle (MIN).MethodsComputed tomography scans of neonatal cadavers were analyzed. Success was based on tibial needle tip placement within the marrow cavity and contrast media distribution.ResultsNineteen cadavers (38 tibiae) were included. The overall success rate was comparable between DAD and MIN needles, but reduced in very-low birthweight (VLBW) infants. The insertion site was consistent across birth weight groups. Contrast leakage occurred overall in 15.8% and 41.7% in VLBW infants and was insignificantly greater in DAD versus MIN needles. Minimum and maximum puncture depth was adjusted for higher BW groups.ConclusionIO needles should be placed 2 cm below and 1–2 cm medial to the tibial tuberosity. MIN needles are preferred to minimize leakage. IO depth should be modified by birth weight.