Predicting the Change of CO2 Emissions Using a BNN-FA Method: A Case Study of Hebei Province

An integrated method that can simulate the temporal trends of CO2 emissions is crucial for aligning with China’s dual carbon targets and achieving carbon reduction within Hebei Province. In this study, a BNN-FA method integrating Bayesian neural network and factorial analysis is developed to explore the temporal variation of CO2 emissions. BNN-FA has the advantages of quantifying the effects of various factors and their contributions and …