Hydromorphone and the risk of infective endocarditis among people who inject drugs: a population-based, retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND: The incidence of infective endocarditis related to injection drug use is increasing. On the basis of clinical practice and epidemiological and in-vitro data, we postulated that exposure to controlled-release hydromorphone is associated with an increased risk of infective endocarditis among people who inject drugs. METHODS: We used linked health administrative databases in Ontario, Canada, to assemble a retrospective cohort of adults …