The effects of 17-α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) on molecular signaling cascades in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus)

Exposures to ≤10 ng/L of 17-α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) will reduce or shut down egg production in freshwater fish models, while mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), an estuarine species, are able to produce eggs at EE2 concentrations >3000 ng/L. The objective of this study was to gain mechanistic insight into how mummichog are able to produce eggs during exposures to high EE2. Mummichog were exposed to 0, 50 or 250 ng/L of EE2 for 14 d. There were …