Intense variability of dissolved oxygen and temperature in the internal swash zone of Hamilton Harbour, Lake Ontario

The thermocline of large, stratified lakes is constantly sloshing along the sloping bed, creating a spatially variable internal swash zone. Temperature and dissolved oxygen vary rapidly here, potentially impacting fish habitat on timescales of hours. Large spatial differences in the time-dependent variance of temperature around Hamilton Harbour, Lake Ontario, Canada, were partly controlled by basin shape and bathymetry. The temporal variability …