Effects of predation risk on pollinators and plants

Almost all pollination studies neglect the possible effects of predation on flower visitors. Various authors have even claimed that predation is too infrequent to influence pollinator behavior. It is tempting to dismiss the role of predation because it is rarely observed. In the past two decades, however, ecologists have learned to appreciate the central role that predation risk plays in animal behavior and ecology, mostly through a variety of …