The gut microbiota limits Th2 immunity to Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri infection

ABSTRACT Helminth-induced alterations to the gut microbiota have been shown to affect immune responses at local and peripheral sites. Studies examining helminth-microbiota interactions, however, have been limited due to the practical constraints of performing germ-free experiments with parasites that thrive in microbial-rich conditions to complete their development. The infectious (L3) larvae of the murine helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus …