The effects of salt, manganese, and density on life history traits in Hesperis matronalis L. from oldfield and roadside populations

Plant communities in the verges of major roadways (roadsides) are similar to those of abandoned farm fields undergoing succession (oldfields). However, roadsides are subject to distinctive stresses. Here, we look at local adaptation in Hesperis matronalis L. to salinity and manganese (Mn). Plants collected from three roadside and three oldfield populations were grown in a greenhouse under controlled, high-salinity, and high-Mn conditions, and …