Fatty acids, stable isotopes, and regurgitate reveal diet differences between Lake Ontario and Lake Erie double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus)

A detailed understanding of the possible confounding effects of natural diet is important for ecotoxicological research where exposures cannot be controlled. The opportunistic feeding of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) may limit the ability to draw toxicological conclusions where food sources are potentially contaminated, such as in some sites across the Great Lakes. Using a variety of methods to study diet may allow for the …