Structure of theory in vegetation science

In order to help evaluate progress in vegetation science, we present an outline of the components of theory. Theory has both empirically and conceptually based components, and is tied together by a hierarchical framework. Theory is related to observable phenomena to further the most general goal of science, understanding. More specific tactics to advance understanding include explanation, generalization, and testing. Different components of theory permit the operation of specific tactics. Most components of theory are exemplified by one or more aspects of vegetation science. However, there are some conceptual and empirical components in need of further development. We conclude that vegetation science does in fact conform to the contemporary view of a developing theory, and that this theory can serve as a fruitful guide to research and application of concepts to the field.