Initial Development of a Measure of Expectancies for Combinations of Alcohol and Caffeine: The Caffeine + Alcohol Combined Effects Questionnaire (CACEQ)

Caffeinated alcoholic beverage (CAB) consumption is widespread among young adults in the United States and is associated with increased negative consequences from alcohol. In addition to the direct pharmacological effects of adding caffeine to alcohol, another possible risk mechanism is via socially learned expectancies, which has received very little consideration. The current study conducted an initial psychometric validation of a measure of …