A Volume Averaging FEM-Based Fracture Model for Damage Process in Cohesive-Frictional Solids

In this study, a mesh-independent fracture model is implemented in the standard finite-element (FE) framework by leveraging a volume averaging approach. For the tension regime, a cohesive crack model is adopted for the onset and propagation of the crack, in which the direction of a new crack is defined as the eigenvector of the maximum principal stress. For the compression regime, the Coulomb criterion is considered for the onset and …