Optimizing rapid aiming behaviour: movement kinematics depend on the cost of corrective modifications

Recent studies have shown that the initial impulse associated with goal-directed aiming movements typically brings the limb to a position short of the target. This is because target overshooting is associated with greater temporal and energy costs than target undershooting. Presumably these costs can be expected to vary not only with the muscular forces required to move the limb, but also the gravitational forces inherent in the aiming task. In …