Multiscale stiffness characterisation of both healthy and osteoporotic bone tissue using subject-specific data

Severe bone fractures are often treated by appending internal fixations. In unhealthy or osteoporotic patients, post-implantation bone fractures can occur due to external impact (e.g. from a fall), day-to-day activities in highly-osteoporotic cases and mismatches in the stiffness of bone and the implant's biomaterial, since this causes stress concentrations. One approach to alleviating this problem is to use biomaterials that closely mimic the …