The Goose Arm karst, Newfoundland, Canada

Goose Arm karst comprises 200 km2 of deformed carbonates with relief of 60–350 m, blanketed with carbonate-rich till of the Last Glaciation. Principal karst landforms are 50 large bedrock depressions, implying mature well-integrated karst development. Modern groundwater systems are short, young, non-integrated. The anomaly is explained by injection of glacial till into a paleo-aquifer, clogging it. Buffering by till also yields a remarkably uniform bicarbonate water chemistry, but groundwater temperatures are anomalous.