"The Pen of the Contriver" and the Eye of the Perceiver: Mansfield Park, the Implied Author and the Implied Reader

“ T H E P E N O F T H E C O N T R I V E R ” A N D T H E E Y E O F T H E P E R C E I V E R : M A N S F I E L D P A R K , T H E I M P L I E D A U T H O R A N D T H E I M P L I E D R E A D E R LORRAINE M. YORK M cGill University I t was the implied author as well as the historical personage who earned Henry James’s warm praise when he wrote that “M. de Maupassant is remarkably objective and impersonal, but he would go too far if he were to …