Personal and household PM2.5 and black carbon exposure measures and respiratory symptoms in 8 low- and middle-income countries

BACKGROUND: Household air pollution (HAP) from cooking with solid fuels has been associated with adverse respiratory effects, but most studies use surveys of fuel use to define HAP exposure, rather than on actual air pollution exposure measurements. OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between household and personal fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and black carbon (BC) measures and respiratory symptoms.