Effects of dietary protein levels and rumen-protected pantothenate on ruminal fermentation, microbial enzyme activity and bacteria population in Blonde d'Aquitaine×Simmental beef steers

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) levels and rumen-protected pantothenate (RPP) supplementation on ruminal digestion kinetics, fermentation, microbial enzymatic activity, and selected bacterial species relative abundance in beef steers. Eight ruminally cannulated crossbred beef steers, with 15 months of age and 462±9kg of body weight (BW), were used in a duplicated 4×4 Latin square design by a …