FUNDAMENTAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF LANCE DESIGN FOR POWDER INJECTION PROCESSES.

Most lance designs and the associated operating conditions have been developed empirically, and are not necessarily optimized. In this paper, an attempt is made to apply fundamental transport phenomena to obtain a better understanding of powder injection processes. The fluid dynamics in the vicinity of the lance will be reviewed, and it will be shown that mathematical models can predict the flow regimes, such as bubbling and jetting. Heat …