Model studies on slag metal entrainment in gas-stirred ladles

A synthetic slag is used in ladle metallurgy to capture inclusions in steel to protect the liquid metal from reoxidation and heat losses. The ladles are stirred by gas injection, which creates a two-phase plume of gas and liquid steel that rises to the steel surface. Currently, there is no quantitative link between the entrainment conditions in the system and the rate of refining. Many attempts have been made in the past to characterize this …