The Fluid Mechanics of Slag-Metal Interactions in Ladle Metallurgy

In Ladle Metallurgy operations following steelmaking, the control of the interactions between slag and metal is crucial for the production of high-quality steel. While the chemical aspects of the refining have been well studied, the fluid dynamic aspects have received less attention. Ladles are often gas-stirred by porous plugs pushing the slag to the periphery of the ladle and opening “eyes” of steel exposed to the atmosphere. The nominal …