Effects of post-necking hardening behavior and equivalent stress–strain curves on the accuracy of M–K based forming limit diagrams

A rate dependent Taylor type crystal plasticity formulation is employed to study the effects of post-necking hardening behavior on the Marciniak–Kuczynski (M–K) based forming limit diagram predictions. Three uniaxial stress–strain curves, identical up to the necking region, with three different post-necking hardening behaviors are generated using crystal plasticity formulation. The three curves are obtained by curve fitting the simulated …