Porosity formation mitigation in laser powder bed fusion process using a control approach

This study deals with quality control of the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process using a temperature measurement approach rather than the commonly used energy density criterion. Temperature domains corresponding to the most common porosities, namely; lack of fusion (LOF), lack of penetration (LOP), and keyhole, were determined in a range of process parameters using a thermal imaging system. A safe zone was introduced by defining a lower and …