Mathematical modeling for planning water-food-ecology-energy nexus system under uncertainty: A case study of the Aral Sea Basin

A bi-level decentralized chance-constrained programming (BDCP) method is developed for planning water-food-ecology-energy (WFEE) nexus system. The BDCP method has advantages in balancing the tradeoff between two-level stakeholders in hierarchical structure and reflecting the synergy effect among multiple divisions under random uncertainty. Then, a BDCP-WFEE model is formulated for the Aral Sea Basin, where the upper-level model aims to maximize …