Identifying optimal land-use patterns using a copula-based interval stochastic programming model for urban agglomeration under uncertainty

In this study, a copula-based interval stochastic programming (CISP) model is developed for land-use planning management (LUPM), where uncertainties presented as interval values and random variables can be tackled. CISP can also reflect the interactions among random variables with different probability distributions. A CISP-LUPM model is formulated for identifying desired land-use patterns for the Guangzhou-Zhongshan urban agglomeration. …