Morbidity and Mortality Associated With Forceps and Vacuum Delivery at Outlet, Low, and Midpelvic Station

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to quantify perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality associated with forceps and vacuum delivery compared with Caesarean delivery in the second stage of labour and to estimate whether these associations differed by pelvic station. METHODS: The investigators conducted a population-based, retrospective cohort study of term singleton deliveries by operative delivery with prolonged second stage of labour in Canada …