Fiber reinforced polymer prestressed tension elements as reinforcement for concrete

The use of FRP for reinforcing is not as popular as its use for prestressing because the modulus of elasticity to strength ratio of most FRP bars is relatively small compared to steel, and the unit price is significantly higher than steel. Therefore, to control deflection and crack width under service conditions, FRP reinforced sections often need to be greatly over-reinforced, which increases the overall cost of the structure. This paper …