Automatic knee cartilage and bone segmentation using multi-stage convolutional neural networks: data from the osteoarthritis initiative

ObjectivesAccurate and efficient knee cartilage and bone segmentation are necessary for basic science, clinical trial, and clinical applications. This work tested a multi-stage convolutional neural network framework for MRI image segmentation.Materials and methodsStage 1 of the framework coarsely segments images outputting probabilities of each voxel belonging to the classes of interest: 4 cartilage tissues, 3 bones, 1 background. Stage 2 …