An Upgraded 109Cd K X-Ray Fluorescence Bone Pb Measurement

In vivo measurements of lead in bone have been made by excitation and detection of the K-rays, originally using 57Co1 or, in a more recent development,109Cd2. Measurements based on detection of L X-rays have also been made, in this case source excitation has been replaced by the use of partly plane-polarized X-rays3.