Modeling of reverse osmosis in the presence of strong solute‐membrane affinity

Abstract Modeling of reverse osmosis in the presence of strong solute‐membrane affinity has always been a challenge due to the complexity of the solute‐solvent‐membrane interactions and the resultant effect on membrane performance. Most transport models, including all models treating membranes as nonporous and those based on irreversible thermodynamics, are unable to describe or to predict all of the phenomena associated with this case. …