Necessity of submonolayer LiF anode interlayers for improved device performance in blue phosphorescent OLEDs

Lithium fluoride (LiF) is a widely used interlayer in organic optoelectronic devices, at both top and bottom electrodes, with various mechanisms proposed for its effectiveness at each interface. Here we examine the influence of LiF at the ITO electrode as a function of surface coverage. Both thermally evaporated LiF and LiF nanoparticles deposited from solution using di-block copolymer reverse micelles were used to probe the effect of island …