A unified approach to bubbling-jetting phenomena in powder injection into iron and steel

The injection of powder into liquids has been investigated by physical modeling and by multi-phase fluid dynamic modeling. The transition from gas-particle jets which penetrate deeply into the liquid and a gas bubbling regime was found to depend on the coupling between gas and particle phases in the conveying line; fine particles at high loading couple well and form jets, whereas coarse particles separate from the gas during bubble formation. …