Kinetics studies of tank degassing

To produce low-carbon (<30 ppm) steel in the tank degassing process, a ladle of steel with an oxidizing slag is placed in a vacuum tank equipped with bottom bubbling. The kinetics of this process are slow compared to the more prevalent RH degassing process, providing the impetus for the present work. There are several aspects to this work: water models of the fluid flow in the ladle; simulation of the decarburization (CO evolution) with CO2 desorption in water; pilot-plant (60 kg) studies of the decarburization kinetics; mathematical modelling of the fluid flow in the ladle; mathematical models for each of the kinetics sites (plume, top slag and auto-nucleation); and full-scale trials. The results show that during the refining cycle the contribution from each reaction site changes, suggesting avenues for reducing cycling time and final carbon contents.