Prediction of Winter Roughness Based on Analysis of Subgrade Soil Variability

Frost action is a major cause of pavement deterioration in cold climates. Thermal cracking, differential heaving, and loss of bearing capacity during spring thaw have often been mentioned as the main mechanisms involved. Frost heave observed on pavements built over frost-susceptible subgrades can reach 200 mm in the Canadian climatic context. The problem is mainly because frost heave is rarely uniform. As a result, pavements tend to become …