Journal article
Epinephrine auto-injector needle length
Abstract
BackgroundEpinephrine auto-injectors are expected to deliver the drug intramuscularly.ObjectiveTo study whether injection through clothing influences the frequency of subcutaneous and intraosseous/periosteal deposition of epinephrine.MethodsSkin to muscle and skin to bone distances were measured for 303 children and adolescents and 99 adults. Distance was determined by ultrasound, with high or low pressure on the ultrasound probe. The …
Authors
Dreborg S; Tsai G; Kim H
Journal
Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, Vol. 16, No. 1,
Publisher
Springer Nature
Publication Date
December 2020
DOI
10.1186/s13223-020-00422-4
ISSN
1710-1484