Child maltreatment (CM) includes all forms of abuse or neglect committed by adults against minors that results in actual or potential harm to the child. There are five main classifications of CM: physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, neglect, and exposure to intimate partner violence. Evidence is robust on the short- and long-term negative consequences across multiple domains. Maltreatment prevention is a top priority. This article provides an overview of the epidemiology of CM, risk factors associated with its occurrence, the impact and consequences of maltreatment on developmental and health outcomes, and the evidence base for preventive interventions.